The Algorithm and Operation System of Slot Machines, casino slot algorithm.

Casino slot algorithm

Online casino sites to play on real money

The generator used today is the project of a professor at the massachusetts institute of technology which represents a 128-bit md5 algorithm. It is used not only in online slots, but also in security systems and personal computers. Not only will this method enable us to implement ‘natural’ randomness to the RNG, but it will also use a lot less processing power, allowing the equipment of poorer quality to achieve better results.

The algorithm and operation system of slot machines — 2020 update

Prehistory

Before the internet era, slot machines were electromechanical and featured a special braking system as well as sensors that analyzed the combination to befall.

Later electromechanical devices were replaced by electric ones. They had an electric built-in engine, so players no longer had to pull the handle to play. However, sensors followed the old principle of work.

Now physical slot machines are computerized, and certain combinations occur at the expense of random number generator or RNG. The same system is also used in online slots.

What is random number generator (RNG)

Random number generator is a program that works by a certain algorithm and determines which combination will appear on the screen. This is an absolutely random process whose result neither the casino operator, nor the player or the creator of the game can know.

Even though the progress advanced a lot since the first gaming devices were tailored, the principles and reliability of random number generator remain unchanged. The mechanism is regularly updated taking into account the features of modern gaming software.

Mathematicians, programmers and even psychologists took part in the creation of random number generator, and similar generators have existed for a long time due to their time-proven reliability.

The generator used today is the project of a professor at the massachusetts institute of technology which represents a 128-bit md5 algorithm. It is used not only in online slots, but also in security systems and personal computers.

Can RNG be trusted?

On the internet, one can find programs that can supposedly foresee future combinations, but in fact they do not work. What such programs can actually do is steal players’ data, so you’d better avoid them.

Do not abstain from testing software. All responsible game manufacturers adopt the tactics of providing software for testing to well-known and reliable laboratories: itech labs, ecogra, GLI and nmi. Software passes serious tests during which any manipulation is excluded. This means that it is safe to play slots that have passed such a check:

The software is going through serious check, during which the use of any manipulations is prevented, so that it would be safe to say playing slots is reliable.

RNG logics

The first thing to note is that slot mechanisms have no memory. The computer does not know whether the player has won or lost, whether he started playing 5 minutes ago or has played for several hours. All combinations are determined by mathematical algorithms.

It is important that game results are not planned or “logical”: they are just a sequence of combinations. A person might win two jackpots almost in a row, although this might look implausible. However, this is unlikely because the number of possible combinations generated by the program is huge and each consists of 32 hex characters.

When a player starts a game, the mechanism gives out one hundred random numbers per minute which make a certain combination. The numbers selected by the generator at the time of the button click determine the characters to appear on the screen. Thus, the only way a player can “influence” the outcome of a game is to choose the time to press the button. In fact, it is pure luck. When the result appears on the screen, the system immediately calculates how much the player has won or lost and updates the information on his balance. During free spins and bonus rounds the same principle applies.

2020 update

Even in 2020, scientists and researchers are looking for new ways to update the RNG. One of the newest methods comes from a paper written by professor david zuckerman and eshan chattopadhyay published in 2015; it involves combining two ‘weak’ sources to generate a single high-quality random number.

Not only will this method enable us to implement ‘natural’ randomness to the RNG, but it will also use a lot less processing power, allowing the equipment of poorer quality to achieve better results.

Conclusion

So far, the logics of online slots is based on the fact that there is no logic. Random number generator is called so due to random chances of winning and the frequency of the winnings depending on the rules of a particular game, which can be learned from the operator.

The algorithm and operation system of slot machines in online casinos

Many people remember one-armed bandits standing in passages and small coffee shops, where you could toss a coin and try your luck. Since then, the algorithm of slot machines has changed significantly, which was caused by the transition to new technologies.

Despite the prosperity of land-based casinos, many players have flocked to the online space that offers a variety of slot machines from well-known gaming software developers. In this article, slotegrator team invites the online casino operators to look into the working principles of online casino slot machines.

How slot machines are built?

The well-known one-armed bandits were based on electromechanical principle. Once the player pulled the lever, it made the reels spin and then stop on the symbols according to a certain algorithm. The sensors analyzed the combination of symbols and gave out winnings if the characters matched. Later, the electromechanical slots were replaced with electric ones. Their reels were driven by an electric motor; eventually, electronic gaming machines supplanted their predecessors.

Modern slot machines have electronic filling - a processor with a built-in random number generator (RNG). Thus, it becomes clear how a slot machine work — RNG generates random numbers that are impossible to predict.

Can we trust RNG?

The random number generator is encrypted by 128-bit MD5 algorithm. Particularly this algorithm developed by the professor at the massachusetts institute of technology is widely used in electronic security systems.

Although the code was invented a few decades ago, it is still a difficult task to hack it. Besides, the algorithm is being constantly improved: the newest add-ons are used to make it tamper-proof.

Game software developers exclude the possibility of reprogramming the chips at the time of their release. They say that despite the theoretical possibility of hacking, any practical facts have not been registered yet. Thus, thanks to the MD5 algorithm online casino cannot influence the game outcome, providing the randomness of the landing combinations. Guarantees the players’ trust to the online gambling resource and protects the casino against unfair players.

Types of slot machines

Modern industry produces a huge quantity of slot machines with different themes and bonus features.
Usually, manufacturers design slot machines with three or five reels. The game can feature 20-25 and more different symbols, the appearance of which depends on the theme of the slot.

Many developers introduce special symbols such as wild, scatter, bonus, joker, and others to increase popularity of the slot game among gamblers. Such symbols often bring large cash rewards and provide access to new bonus levels.

Thanks to the loyal bonus system, the online casino operator can easily engage people to its gambling site and thereby, win their trust.

Winning lines and payout rates

The payout depends on the bet made and the combination of symbols landing on the reels. There are machines accepting small bets (sometimes less than $1) and providing frequent prizes available to a wide range of gamers; there are also expensive spins starting from $5 bet. As a rule, the latter ones are played by the high rollers (players who make exceptionally high bets).

Each machine has built-in winning combinations landing on fixed winning lines in random order. The number of winning lines can vary from 5 to several hundred. Winning combinations start from 2-3 similar characters that are landing on the active lines. In case of a win, the winning line is highlighted and grants the player bonuses or real money.

RTP (return to player) is the essential factor for gamblers. The legislation of many countries requires payout rate to be not less than 90%; therefore, the leading manufacturers of gaming software produce machines with 82-98% RTP. It is worth distinguishing among them such famous companies as microgaming, endorphina, habanero, and others. By choosing online casino games from the best providers, you will ensure the success of your project and loyalty of players.

Slot algorithm by example of the taboo game from endorphina

Let us review the basic aspects of a slot machine through the example of the game from the famous software provider endorphina. The taboo game has a high RTP of 96% and fully justifies its name.

From the first seconds, it plunges the players into the atmosphere of excitement thanks to the bright background picture of stiletto heels and leather lashes. The slot is a 5-reel, 3-row game with 25 winning lines.

Credit amount together with convenient menu containing game rules, payments, as well as sound, language and other settings are shown at the top of the screen.

At the bottom part, there is a control panel with the following buttons:

• BET shows the size of the bet (from 1 to €250) and is regulated by mouse clicks.


• LINES tells the number of winning lines to choose (from 1 to 25);


• TOTAL BET sum decided by the number of active lines;


• BONUS WIN is the sum of current win.

This control panel also features other elements:

TURBO activates accelerated game mode.
AUTO switches to automatic game, also can turn into task risk feature in case of winning combination. Auto mode is adjustable through the menu.
SPIN is a manual start/stop of the reels.

On the playing field, gamblers will find different images: leather lashes, handcuffs, shoes, gold letters on a black background, as well as bonus symbols such as wild and scatter.

Three bonus symbols appearing on 3, 4 and 5 reels trigger special triskele wheel game and open a new screen with different sectors. Each of them features multipliers of 10x, 12x, 15x, 20x and 25x. Players have the chance to take their winnings or use 3 attempts to increase the win.

If the gambler gets into the bonus sector, this switches the game to red room bonus mode. This is a special game with 5 levels where you have to choose 1 of the 5 items on the screen. During the bonus game, the user will get answers:

Yes – the player made the right choice;
no – the player receives no prize for the current level;
stop – the bonus game is over.

Taboo slot game also provides a card gamble feature where you can double your winnings up to tenfold. Gamblers need to beat the dealer by randomly choosing one card from four. If the player and dealer drop is equal to the suit of the card, the game goes on. In order to give up risk game and take winnings, the gambler has to click take win.

To sum up

Through the example of endorphina's slot, taboo, we can see how interesting modern slot machines are. Although the algorithm of the slots is based on similar principles, they differ in theme, appealing story lines, and bonus features. Leading developers strive to create more games to keep the gamblers interested, that is why always impress them with new exciting products.
For your casino to always remain successful and popular, it is necessary to constantly update the gaming content and choose only the best, licensed products.
Our company offers games from the world's top providers to be integrated in just one session through apigrator service. To find out the details of software integration and get the best offer, please contact the managers of slotegrator.

What algorithm do slot machines use?

The modern slot machine uses an algorithm known as a random number generator, RNG, which does not use any form of memory to determine when a number should be generated.

Although it is known as a random number generator, the modern, online slot machine actually randomly generates the different tiles used on the different spaces of a slot machine. All the different combinations of numbers, whether generated across three, five, or even greater numbers of reels, are random and must generate numbers independent of each other.

The history of slot machines began with metal reels filled with numbers that would spin and stop with a magnetic braking system. This system would randomly generate a stopping point for each drum after the reels were spun by the player. Some players would believe they had seen a moment when a slot machine became hot or would stop paying out.

RNG is used in video slots in casinos around the world. The modern slot machine does not have any built-in memory and generates hundreds of numbers per minute.

The lack of memory means the algorithm used to generate each number is completely independent of each reel on the slot machine. It is possible for a player to hit a jackpot on a number of occasions in specific plays, but this is a purely random part of the gameplay developed through the use of algorithms.

Every slot machine at a casino uses something called a par sheet which provides information about the odds for each tile on a reel. Each reel is weighted to reach a certain number of spins for every time a certain tile is generated by the algorithm. The lower the number of tiles appearing on each reel lowers the odds of a jackpot.

Each slot machine algorithm also includes the payback percentage which gives an insight into the winnings a player can expect as they play. The percentage is usually given as a number of around 97 percent which means a player can expect to win from $3 gambled in every $100. This number is not a figure of how much money a player will win but is part of the algorithm deciding how often the slot machine will offer a winning spin.

Slot machine programming: the algorithm behind slot games

The technological advancements have changed our lives in every possible aspect. We become more and more dependent on them over the years. We play online casino games, deposit our cash online, and make withdrawals whenever we wish. Slot machine programming is what makes it all possible for us, and today we are going to talk about that.

The development of online games also has affected the casino industry in many ways. There are more than thousands of online casino games you can play right now. Among them, the slot games are the most popular. The simple design and smooth gameplay make slot games even more reputable. What makes them so accessible and straightforward at the same time? What is standing behind the algorithm of slot games? We will try to answer these questions clearly and briefly.

How do slot machines work?

The first image that comes to mind is simple when we talk about slot games . Briefly, all the gamer has to do is to push the button and wait. According to the result on the screen, the player knows if he won or not. In different slots, there are different numbers of reels. They may be three, five, or more in some exceptional cases. More reels mean fewer chances of winning big prizes.

If the gamer’s guess is the same with the final combination on the screen, he wins. It is possible to be a millionaire with just one spin. The simplicity of the whole process leads to different myths about video slot machines . People believe that some machines are hard to win. Other people hold the opinion that some slots bring wins more frequently. There is only one way to get free of all these myths. You should comprehend slot machine programming. Only after that, you may conclude your chances of winning at slots.

Main features of slot machine programming

Here we will look at the components of slot games provided by slots programming. These components will give you brief information about the structure of slot games you see every day. And it will help you to understand what is the purpose of everything on the screen of slot machines.

Reels

Reels are one of the main parts of the slot machines’ screen. In classic slot machines , there were only three reels on the mechanical display. Still, a lot of slot games use a three-reel structure. The reels are spinning after you push the play button. The spinning of these reels determines the final result on the screen. And it shows whether your guess was right or not. In classic slots, it was essential to have a minimum number of reels. That kept the players’ hopes of winning alive. However, after the creation of RNG, the situation changed. Now because of random numbers, chances of winning in every type of slot remain the same.

However, casino software still tries to minimize the number of reels on the screen. The game providers try to end up with 3-5 reels. It affects the view of the game. The look of more than five reels spinning can be a tiring and boring experience.

Symbols

One of the most significant components of slot games is the symbols. They determine how enjoyable the game is. In early slots, the design was straightforward. There were only cards on the screen of the slot machine. After the government put some regulations on that, creators tried to think of something new. They came up with the idea of iconic fruits- which will be on the screens for decades. Even now, we see fruits on the screen of many slot games.

Now, this component has evolved a lot. Because of huge interest and demand, game developers have to think of something innovative all the time. Slot machine programming produces famous actors, politicians, basketball players as symbols in these games. You may even see book or movie characters on the screen of casino slots . That contributes to a more enjoyable gaming experience and affects people’s opinions about the game a lot.

Random number generator

The most crucial factor behind the algorithm of video slot machine games is RNG. In slot machine games, it is essential to have software that produces random numbers. This algorithm leaves the players with no excuse when they start to lose. Because everything is random, the casino can not be blamed because of cheating or something else. This stable mechanism keeps the importance of every spin in the game. No matter if you have won or lost in your latest spin, there is always another chance.

There is no order in the combinations you see in slot games. You will always see tricks and winning casino slot tips on how to earn money at slots all the time. However, if the RNG of the game functions well, there is no chance that you will win continuously. Looking at it positively, it also means every try you make is a new chance to win big prizes.

Understanding the mechanism of RNG is very critical for the players. In slot machine programming, everything is based on this mechanism. Because the chances of winning are very low with this mechanism for players, it is beneficial for the casino.

In gambling games, you always have to understand the probability of events. If the probability is low, then the prize on this bet is enormous. For example, let us say you bet on the event that has a 1% chance of happening. If you win, your prize will be a hundred times more than the amount you bet. In slot game programming, there is a conception of “weighted slots.” casino game providers work on it carefully. It explains the likelihood of an event happening in slot games. In the case of slots, it is a chance of seeing a particular symbol on the screen.

That is one of the most promising and deceiving features of slot games at the same time. Those who understand probability will avoid these kinds of bets. On the other hand, a lot of people aim for the biggest prizes. That is why they take risks and bet on these chances. Of course, some of them win huge rewards for real. However, being that person is very improbable. That is why the player must decide whether it is worth the risks or not.

Conclusion

Understanding the basic principles behind slot machine games may help players a lot. That may change their opinion of slot games in different manners. For example, it would be positive for them to understand the working principle of RNG. The player understands that every spin has the same importance. There is no meaning in giving up after first tries.

On the other hand, understanding weighted slots may affect them too. When they consider the probabilities of winning, they may avoid betting once and for all. However, it does not work that way. A lot of people love taking risks. Understanding the principles of slot machine programming may not change it at all. And that is how the gambling industry keeps its popularity all the time.

Russians engineer a brilliant slot machine cheat—and casinos have no fix

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Russians engineer a brilliant slot machine cheat—and casinos have no fix

In early june 2014, accountants at the lumiere place casino in st. Louis noticed that several of their slot machines had—just for a couple of days—gone haywire. The government-approved software that powers such machines gives the house a fixed mathematical edge, so that casinos can be certain of how much they’ll earn over the long haul—say, 7.129 cents for every dollar played. But on june 2 and 3, a number of lumiere’s machines had spit out far more money than they’d consumed, despite not awarding any major jackpots, an aberration known in industry parlance as a negative hold. Since code isn’t prone to sudden fits of madness, the only plausible explanation was that someone was cheating.

Casino security pulled up the surveillance tapes and eventually spotted the culprit, a black-haired man in his thirties who wore a polo zip-up and carried a square brown purse. Unlike most slots cheats, he didn’t appear to tinker with any of the machines he targeted, all of which were older models manufactured by aristocrat leisure of australia. Instead he’d simply play, pushing the buttons on a game like star drifter or pelican pete while furtively holding his iphone close to the screen.

He’d walk away after a few minutes, then return a bit later to give the game a second chance. That's when he'd get lucky. The man would parlay a $20 to $60 investment into as much as $1,300 before cashing out and moving on to another machine, where he’d start the cycle anew. Over the course of two days, his winnings tallied just over $21,000. The only odd thing about his behavior during his streaks was the way he’d hover his finger above the spin button for long stretches before finally jabbing it in haste; typical slots players don't pause between spins like that.

On june 9, lumiere place shared its findings with the missouri gaming commission, which in turn issued a statewide alert. Several casinos soon discovered that they had been cheated the same way, though often by different men than the one who’d bilked lumiere place. In each instance, the perpetrator held a cell phone close to an aristocrat mark VI model slot machine shortly before a run of good fortune.

By examining rental-car records, missouri authorities identified the lumiere place scammer as murat bliev, a 37-year-old russian national. Bliev had flown back to moscow on june 6, but the st. Petersburg–based organization he worked for, which employs dozens of operatives to manipulate slot machines around the world, quickly sent him back to the united states to join another cheating crew. The decision to redeploy bliev to the US would prove to be a rare misstep for a venture that’s quietly making millions by cracking some of the gaming industry’s most treasured algorithms.

From russia with cheats

Russia has been a hotbed of slots-related malfeasance since 2009, when the country outlawed virtually all gambling. (vladimir putin, who was prime minister at the time, reportedly believed the move would reduce the power of georgian organized crime.) the ban forced thousands of casinos to sell their slot machines at steep discounts to whatever customers they could find. Some of those cut-rate slots wound up in the hands of counterfeiters eager to learn how to load new games onto old circuit boards. Others apparently went to murat bliev’s bosses in st. Petersburg, who were keen to probe the machines’ source code for vulnerabilities.

By early 2011, casinos throughout central and eastern europe were logging incidents in which slots made by the austrian company novomatic paid out improbably large sums. Novomatic’s engineers could find no evidence that the machines in question had been tampered with, leading them to theorize that the cheaters had figured out how to predict the slots’ behavior. “through targeted and prolonged observation of the individual game sequences as well as possibly recording individual games, it might be possible to allegedly identify a kind of ‘pattern’ in the game results,” the company admitted in a february 2011 notice to its customers.

Recognizing those patterns would require remarkable effort. Slot machine outcomes are controlled by programs called pseudorandom number generators that produce baffling results by design. Government regulators, such as the missouri gaming commission, vet the integrity of each algorithm before casinos can deploy it.

But as the “pseudo” in the name suggests, the numbers aren't truly random. Because human beings create them using coded instructions, prngs can't help but be a bit deterministic. (A true random number generator must be rooted in a phenomenon that is not manmade, such as radioactive decay.) prngs take an initial number, known as a seed, and then mash it together with various hidden and shifting inputs—the time from a machine’s internal clock, for example—in order to produce a result that appears impossible to forecast. But if hackers can identify the various ingredients in that mathematical stew, they can potentially predict a PRNG’s output. That process of reverse engineering becomes much easier, of course, when a hacker has physical access to a slot machine’s innards.

Knowing the secret arithmetic that a slot machine uses to create pseudorandom results isn’t enough to help hackers, though. That’s because the inputs for a PRNG vary depending on the temporal state of each machine. The seeds are different at different times, for example, as is the data culled from the internal clocks. So even if they understand how a machine’s PRNG functions, hackers would also have to analyze the machine’s gameplay to discern its pattern. That requires both time and substantial computing power, and pounding away on one’s laptop in front of a pelican pete is a good way to attract the attention of casino security.

The lumiere place scam showed how murat bliev and his cohorts got around that challenge. After hearing what had happened in missouri, a casino security expert named darrin hoke, who was then director of surveillance at L’auberge du lac casino resort in lake charles, louisiana, took it upon himself to investigate the scope of the hacking operation. By interviewing colleagues who had reported suspicious slot machine activity and by examining their surveillance photos, he was able to identify 25 alleged operatives who'd worked in casinos from california to romania to macau. Hoke also used hotel registration records to discover that two of bliev’s accomplices from st. Louis had remained in the US and traveled west to the pechanga resort & casino in temecula, california. On july 14, 2014, agents from the california department of justice detained one of those operatives at pechanga and confiscated four of his cell phones, as well as $6,000. (the man, a russian national, was not indicted; his current whereabouts are unknown.)

The cell phones from pechanga, combined with intelligence from investigations in missouri and europe, revealed key details. According to willy allison, a las vegas–based casino security consultant who has been tracking the russian scam for years, the operatives use their phones to record about two dozen spins on a game they aim to cheat. They upload that footage to a technical staff in st. Petersburg, who analyze the video and calculate the machine’s pattern based on what they know about the model’s pseudorandom number generator. Finally, the st. Petersburg team transmits a list of timing markers to a custom app on the operative’s phone; those markers cause the handset to vibrate roughly 0.25 seconds before the operative should press the spin button.

“the normal reaction time for a human is about a quarter of a second, which is why they do that,” says allison, who is also the founder of the annual world game protection conference. The timed spins are not always successful, but they result in far more payouts than a machine normally awards: individual scammers typically win more than $10,000 per day. (allison notes that those operatives try to keep their winnings on each machine to less than $1,000, to avoid arousing suspicion.) A four-person team working multiple casinos can earn upwards of $250,000 in a single week.

Repeat business

Since there are no slot machines to swindle in his native country, murat bliev didn’t linger long in russia after his return from st. Louis. He made two more trips to the US in 2014, the second of which began on december 3. He went straight from chicago O'hare airport to st. Charles, missouri, where he met up with three other men who’d been trained to scam aristocrat’s mark VI model slot machines: ivan gudalov, igor larenov, and yevgeniy nazarov. The quartet planned to spend the next several days hitting various casinos in missouri and western illinois.

Bliev should never have come back. On december 10, not long after security personnel spotted bliev inside the hollywood casino in st. Louis, the four scammers were arrested. Because bliev and his cohorts had pulled their scam across state lines, federal authorities charged them with conspiracy to commit fraud. The indictments represented the first significant setbacks for the st. Petersburg organization; never before had any of its operatives faced prosecution.

Bliev, gudalov, and larenov, all of whom are russian citizens, eventually accepted plea bargains and were each sentenced to two years in federal prison, to be followed by deportation. Nazarov, a kazakh who was granted religious asylum in the US in 2013 and is a florida resident, still awaits sentencing, which indicates that he is cooperating with the authorities: in a statement to WIRED, aristocrat representatives noted that one of the four defendants has yet to be sentenced because he “continues to assist the FBI with their investigations.”

Whatever information nazarov provides may be too outdated to be of much value. In the two years since the missouri arrests, the st. Petersburg organization’s field operatives have become much cagier. Some of their new tricks were revealed last year, when singaporean authorities caught and prosecuted a crew: one member, a czech named radoslav skubnik, spilled details about the organization’s financial structure (90 percent of all revenue goes back to st. Petersburg) as well as operational tactics. “what they’ll do now is they’ll put the cell phone in their shirt’s chest pocket, behind a little piece of mesh,” says allison. “so they don’t have to hold it in their hand while they record.” and darrin hoke, the security expert, says he has received reports that scammers may be streaming video back to russia via skype, so they no longer need to step away from a slot machine to upload their footage.

The missouri and singapore cases appear to be the only instances in which scammers have been prosecuted, though a few have also been caught and banned by individual casinos. At the same time, the st. Petersburg organization has sent its operatives farther and farther afield. In recent months, for example, at least three casinos in peru have reported being cheated by russian gamblers who played aging novomatic coolfire slot machines.

The economic realities of the gaming industry seem to guarantee that the st. Petersburg organization will continue to flourish. The machines have no easy technical fix. As hoke notes, aristocrat, novomatic, and any other manufacturers whose prngs have been cracked “would have to pull all the machines out of service and put something else in, and they’re not going to do that.” (in aristocrat’s statement to WIRED, the company stressed that it has been unable “to identify defects in the targeted games” and that its machines “are built to and approved against rigid regulatory technical standards.”) at the same time, most casinos can’t afford to invest in the newest slot machines, whose prngs use encryption to protect mathematical secrets; as long as older, compromised machines are still popular with customers, the smart financial move for casinos is to keep using them and accept the occasional loss to scammers.

So the onus will be on casino security personnel to keep an eye peeled for the scam’s small tells. A finger that lingers too long above a spin button may be a guard’s only clue that hackers in st. Petersburg are about to make another score.

GTA online's slot machines are rigged and the npcs are winning all the damn money

A scientific survey of the AI-controlled gamblers shows they're always dominating the slots. Me, not so much.

I haven't been inside a real casino in years, but I remember enjoying the wheel of fortune slot machines. It was like any other three-reel machine, but if you got the special wheel symbol on the payline, you could then spin the big wheel of fortune on the top for a bonus prize. The machine would shout "wheel! Of! Fortune!" and the big wheel would spin and anyone nearby would stop what they were doing to watch. A fun, satisfying, and extremely stupid way to give away your money.

As I was walking through GTA online's new diamond casino yesterday, I noticed a couple of the virtual slot machines had wheel of fortune-style wheels built into them, too. I sat down at one called fame or shame to see if I could win the chance to spin the big-ass wheel. Next to me was an NPC playing a different slot, so as I sat there I watched her reels, too, to see which of us would hit three matching symbols on the payline first. Sort of like a race to pass the time.

I figured I'd win easily because I was spinning the reels much faster than she was—the casino npcs tend to react, curse, complain, look around, and fiddle with their bets between each spin. Meanwhile I hit the button as soon as possible, so I was spinning my reels about three times for every one of hers.

But she hit three sevens on her payline pretty quickly. And soon I began to notice she wasn't the only one. The casino npcs are hitting three sevens suspiciously often. All of them. They're winning hundreds of thousands of dollars every couple minutes. You know who isn't? Me. An important person.

I took a few laps around the casino, peeking over the gamblers' shoulders. Everywhere I went, I saw winners. And not just sevens on the payline! Below, I walk by five different gamblers and see lots of matching symbols on the payline. Three grapes. Three grapes. A miss. Three sevens. And three more sevens. At any given time, four out of five gamblers are hitting a damn jackpot. What gives?

This isn't random. I played slots for two solid hours last night because in addition to having no life I wanted to gather evidence. I'm not saying I never won anything—each slot has a symbol that pays off even if you only get one or two of them, but in all that time I hit three symbols exactly once. About an hour in I got three grapes. That was it! Three lousy goddamn grapes.

At the end of the night I was down 10 grand on a slot machine with a max bet of $25.

All the AI-controlled npcs, though? In that same period of time they won hundreds of thousand of dollars. Over and over again I'd walk past a gambler or park my ass next to one of them and they'd come up all sevens. Where are my sevens?

Is it a conspiracy? Are these npcs paid by the casino to sit there and win to convince idiots (me) that these are the loosest (and only) slots in town? Are they all part of a collective of cheaters who cracked these machines' algorithms and know how to hit the jackpot 25% of the time and won't tell me how they do it? Did one of my many, many deaths in GTA online deliver me to hell, like in that twilight zone episode, but instead of me always winning, everyone else is always winning? (note to the writer of that episode: that would be a much more punishing version of hell. Oh, wait, the writer of that episode died in 1967. Disregard.)

Lost in this frustrating slot machine conspiracy is the fact that I never got the chance to spin the fame or shame wheel and win a shirt or a watch or whatever prize it dispatches. You need to get three golden microphones on the payline to spin it, and I never got those. I also never got three sevens or three melons or three bells. Just those three measly grapes, once, in two hours.

Well, if you can't beat 'em, join 'em! I've been strolling around in a white suit, white shoes, a white scarf and a white top hat—decidedly un-NPC-like. This morning I buy myself a standard NPC outfit, and drive back in a dull brown car, obeying all the traffic rules like an obedient AI.

I buy a sensible 500 chips from the cashier—not the usual 50,000 some high-falutin' player character might. I stand around in a cluster of npcs for a bit, blending in, then pretend to notice an interesting looking slot machine for the first time.

"fame or shame? Say, that sounds like a lark! Maybe I will give it a try! Excuse me, fellow automatons, I'll be right back." I walk nonchalantly over, glancing at at NPC sitting nearby (of course she has just hit triple sevens) and give the reels a spin.

Huh. Triple cherries. Just like that. What took me two hours last night, I just accomplished in a single spin.

It ain't triple sevens—frankly, it's not even as good as triple grapes—and I still haven't gotten to spin the fame or shame wheel. But it's an instant win for this fake NPC. Maybe I'm onto something.

How casinos use math to make money when you play the slots

Back when I worked security in an atlantic city casino, patrons would often ask me, “which slot machine is the one that’s going to hit?” my usual response was, “if I knew that, I wouldn’t be working here anymore,” followed by a knowing chuckle. Never failed to get at least a smile in return.

Even slots with physical reels use sophisticated software and circuitry.

Now that I’m the director of the center for gaming research at the university of nevada, las vegas, every now and then someone asks me, “which machine is the one that’s going to hit?” my usual response is the same, but I’m in a better position to explain how slots work, why people play them, and what you should know about them.

Slot machines remain the most important money-making part of casinos in the united states. In many states, casinos make between 65 and 80 percent of their gambling income from slots. In las vegas, the percentage varies from 88 percent in casinos that cater primarily to locals to 50 percent on the las vegas strip, where high rollers betting tens of thousands a dollar a hand skews the results in favor of table games. Every day, players put millions of dollars into slot machines. Why?

A modern slot machine is simple to play. Players insert currency, decide on their bet amount, press spin, and hope for the best. There are many varieties of slot machines in casinos today, from machines with physical spinning reels (industry folks call them “steppers”) to slots that replicated spinning reels on a video screen, but they all play essentially the same way. Video poker is a special variant of video slot in which players can use some skill in holding the most advantageous cards. All other slot machines, whatever their branding, are games of pure chance.

The chance aspect of slot machines is what makes them so appealing to so many people. If you know how to put cash into a slot and push a button, you have just as good a shot at winning a jackpot as someone who’s been playing for twenty years. In the end, it all comes down to luck. And who doesn’t feel lucky, sometimes?

Slot machines are deceptively simple to play, with four steps from "want to play" to "cashing out."

Slot machines appeal to casinos because they are, as long as enough people play them, stable money-makers. To explain why they are so reliable for casinos, I talked to bob ambrose, who broke into the industry at the tropicana atlantic city in the early 1980s and is today a gaming consultant and casino management instructor at fairleigh dickinson university. “it is all,” he says, “about the game math.”

When casinos look at how a slot machine is performing, the most basic number they look at is the drop. That is the money deposited by the player in the machines. Another number you might hear is handle, which ambrose defines as the total amount bet by a player. How can a player bet more money than she puts in? Well, if she puts in $100, wins a $50 jackpot, and keeps on playing until all her money is gone (including that $50 "win"), she has generated a drop of $100 and handle of $150.

What’s left after the machine pays out its jackpots is the casino win, also known as revenue.

So how do slot machines decide who wins and who loses? “payouts on slots are statistically calculated,” says ambrose. Pressing spin activates the random number generator, which is an algorithm that determines whether each spin is a win or a loss, and how big a win is. Each game, ambrose says, has a set hold percentage and a pay table that details how often and how much games will pay back.

Video poker games, which have elements of skill, often return more to players than other slot . [+] machines.

PHILIPPE LOPEZ/AFP/getty images

Games with low volatility, like video poker, pay back more frequently but in smaller amounts, while high volatility games, like the megabucks progressive, have fewer, bigger (think several million dollars at most) hits. So while the potential payoff from a high volatility game can be bigger, your money will usually buy you more time playing on a low volatility game.

Can a player get an edge on a slot which relies on pure chance? Not really. “there is a statistical advantage for the casinos,” ambrose says. “the math of the game ensures that casinos generate a consistent positive win for themselves.”

But the player can benefit from one thing: if slot machines never paid out anything, players would stop playing, and casinos would go out of business. Most jurisdictions mandate that slots return a set minimum amount to players (85 percent is the magic number in nevada, though most machines return more than that on average). It might not be much comfort when you’ve lost your last credit, but someone has to win a piece of that 85 percent, and next time it might be you.

And that is the appeal of slots, to casino manager and jackpot hunter alike. “for the player,” concludes ambrose, “there has to be a realistic chance to win. But in the long run, the edge will always fall in the casino’s favor.”

Something to remember, because no matter how lucky you feel, eventually the casino will get luckier.

Have fun playing slots, but remember, they don't build all this by giving money away.

10 slot machine cheats that changed the casino industry

For nearly as long as there have been slot machines, there have been unsavory players who have tried to beat them using illegal means. Cheating at slot machines became a hot topic in 2017 when a team of russian engineers was found to be using a high-tech road to ill-gotten gains. But players have cheated with methods as low-tech as putting a coin on a string and yanking it back out after it tripped the coin-counting mechanism.

The methods listed here have been used in live casinos. Cheating online slots require inside information on pseudo-random number generator programming -- slot machne cheats would have to crack the algorithm and be able to anticipate when winning numbers would be generated.

All the slot machine cheats on the list are strictly illegal, and most no longer works as slots have evolved to combat cheaters. Gaming jurisdictions take attempts to cheating very seriously, and those caught trying face felony charges and long prison sentences.

Do not try any of these, as we start from low-tech cheats and work up to the russian scam.

SLOT MACHINE CHEATS

CHEAT #1: COIN ON A STRING

This is about as low-tech as it can get. Cheaters would attach a string to a coin and drop the coin into the slot. After the coin tripped the slot counting mechanism and credits were registered, cheaters would pull the coin back out and use it again.

In their 1988 book "slot machine mania," dwight and louise crevelt tell of playing video poker that jammed. When a slot tech cleared it up, he found a coin with a small hole drilled into it, and a nylon string fitted through the hole.

The previous player had been using the coin on a string trick and left when he lost his coin.

This method and the next several rely on machines accepting coins as wagers and/or paying out in coins. That makes them obsolete on newer model games that do not have coin heads.

However, older games remain in place in some casinos, so the coin game hasn't disappeared completely.

CHEAT #2: SLUGS AND FOREIGN COINS

In the 1980s, a nevada hardware manufacturer sold a line of washers that, coincidentally, were the same size and weight as U.S. Coins. Slot machine cheats took full advantage, and these non-coins were found in machines all over the state.

Coins from other nations sometimes have been used for slot play at less than full cost, too. Mexican one-peso coins issued in 1985 were worth only about half an american cent, but were accepted as quarters -- 25-cent pieces -- in some U.S. Slot machines and vending machines.

Other coins from other places at other times have been found to work in place of the intended wagering units. If there are ways to wager for full-scale payoffs with lower-cost slugs or foreign coins, cheaters will take the advantage at slots.

In modern machines that do not accept coins, the equivalent cheating method is using the counterfeit paper money. Casinos are only too well aware of the cheating potential there, and constantly work with manufacturers of bill validators that scan money to make sure it's legal tender\before putting credits on the meter.

CHEAT #3: SPOONING

In the days before payouts by ticket printer, and even before there were coin hoppers paying from a pool of coins, slots used coin tubes to stack coins for payouts.

Slides under the tubes would slide to open and shut the way for coins to fall out for payoffs. Cheaters used a spoon-shaped tool to hold the slide open. Then, instead of the tube dropping the intended number of coins, it would drop all the coins it held.

CHEAT #4: HOLDING THE BAG

This one wasn't for players. Instead, it benefited casino employees who tried make their own illegal slot machine tips method, at least until they were caught, fired and arrested.

Machines that use coins have to be filled, and hopper fills require huge bags with hundreds of coins.

In emptying the bag into a hopper, attendants would pinch a coin or two into a corner of the bag. The hopper would be a couple of coins short, and the attendant would be a couple of coins richer.

Repeat that by dozens of fills a day, and it was a temptation a few dishonest employees couldn't resist.

CHEAT #5: MAGNETIC FIELD

Today's machines have been protected from outside influence by magnetism, but machines of the 1960s and 1970s were vulnerable.

On some machines, a strong magnet on the outside could make slot reels float freely instead of stopping where intended. When the reels reached a winning combination, the cheaters would remove the magnet and claim the payout indicated by the reel symbols.

Today, not only are the machines shielded, the slot machines payouts aren't determined by what you see on the reels. They're determined by the random number generator.

If a jackpot combination showed on the reels and you weren't paid, you could ask an attendant to check. The attendant could then check the record of where the RNG stopped, and if the RNG didn't show a jackpot combination, the casino could refuse to pay you.

CHEAT #6: INSIDE THE MACHINE

Arrests were made in nevada in the 1990s after an attempt to cheat a big bertha slot machine -- a tall, wide, more than a man-sized machine that you sometimes see as an attention-getter in large casinos.

A crowd gathered around to obscure what was going on from view. The machine's door was partially opened, and a woman climbed into the machine. After she manipulated reels into a position to win at slots, she came back out and the slot door was shut.

Everything looked normal to passers-by, but security guards caught the cheaters and held them for arrest.

CHEAT #7: THE MONKEY PAW

One of several cheating tools developed by tommy glenn carmichael, the monkey paw enabled a cheater to trip the slot machine mechanism payout and collect coins without wagering.

Carmichael was notorious, inventing ways to cheat slot machines for nearly 40 years before he finally served prison time and had two homes seized by the government. He then turned to helping stop cheaters instead and worked with the nevada gaming commission to develop "the protector," which blocks cheating devices that are inserted into machines.

The monkey paw was made of a guitar string attached to a metal wand and was worked through an air vent trip a microswitch that would then trigger a payout.

CHEAT #8: THE LIGHT WAND

Another carmichael invention, the light wand was an adaptation used after slot manufacturers started using random number generators in fully electronic slots.

Instead of tripping a physical switch, the light wand was designed to trip an electronic sensor. The device still needed to be worked up the payout chute, but this time a light would trigger the sensor to start a payout.

Carmichael also was responsible for the top-bottom joint, used before either the monkey paw or the light wand. The top was a metal rod, bent on one end, and the bottom was a long wire. Cheaters would run the bottom up through the coin chute and use the top to jam the coin slot. The combination would trigger the payout mechanism.

The heyday of the top-bottom lasted into the early 1980s before safeguards adopted by casinos led carmichael to invent the monkey paw and the light wand.

CHEAT #9: ENGINEERED FOR FRAUD

The nevada gaming commission employed ronald dale harris as an engineer, and he worked on monitoring and auditing systems for electronic gaming devices.

Through his work, he knew some machines' source codes and he used that to his own advantage. Harris was arrested in new jersey in 1995 for using his inside information in slot machines basic computer program that enabled him to win $100,000 on a video keno game.

CHEAT #10: CRACKING THE RNG

Although we use "random number generator" for short, nearly all slot machines, live and online, use "pseudo-random number generators."

They start with a seed number, then use an algorithm to calculate numbers. The result comes so close to random that expected results given the odds of the game hold up, and there is no pattern discernable from the outside.

The russian scam on slot machine cheats had inside information and worked until broken up by arrests in the united states in 2017. Casino gambling was banned in most of russia in 2009, and thousands of slot machines were sold off.

A team in st. Petersburg got hold of aristocrat mark VI slot machines, dismantled them and basically reverse-engineered the rngs to crack the algorithm.

They then had operatives in casinos that had these older-model games to use their phones to record and transmit video of spins back to st. Petersburg. When the st. Peterburg team had enough information – about two dozen spins would do – they would use the algorithm to calculate when a big winning spin would come.

The operative then would receive a message to play. The phone would buzz and the player would hit the button. A quarter-second delay was built into the timing of the message because tests had shown it would take that long after feeling the buzz for the player to hit the button.

Four operatives who worked the scam in the american states of missouri and illinois were arrested on federal charges of conspiracy to commit fraud.

Slot manufacturers are extremely security conscious in designing their games, but in the absence of pure randomness, a team of clever engineers who have access to the machines can be tough to stop.

Keno algorithm

Mar 6, 2020 | reading time: 15 minutes

Table of content

• 1. Keno algorithm for better chances of winning


• 2. Keno algorithm generator


• 3. Electronic keno algorithm


• 4. Online keno algorithm


• 5. Draw patterns


• 
  
  • 5.1 how to determine and apply the algorithm
  
  
  • 5.2 not so random numbers
  
  
  • 5.3 randomness tests for large samples of keno
  
  
  • 5.4 random number generator - gambling and probability
  
  
  
  

1. Keno algorithm for better chances of winning

Keno is a captivating casino game, a great combination of luck, strategy and probabilities. Being a tremendous challenge, you might increase your chances of winning only if you will use an algorithm of calculations, based on simple mathematical rules. Such algorithm can be calculated either at home, either online (and this is the simplest way). The procedure implies watching all extractions done in a few days, note them and then play accordingly. It is easier to determine the algorithm in a classic casino, as the only thing you have to do is to observe the tables. For online keno, you will have to buy tickets for at least few rounds, then, based on numbers extracted to make your own observations. Then, you have to bet on more numbers (minimum 10 numbers) keeping in mind that betting more than usual, will increase your chances.

2. Keno algorithm generator

It is known that keno game uses an RNG system, which means all numbers extracted are randomly generated, in an aleatory order. You will have to run a small computer program, which will help you to increase your chances of winning at keno. Random (TI-85) 2^31 -> D prompt N disp "enter seed between 100,000 and 999,999" input S 10 -> diml ran fill(0,ran) for(I,1,N) mod(15625*S+22221,D) -> S ipart(10*S/D) -> A ran(A+1)+1 -> ran(A+1) END ran

3. Electronic keno algorithm

As slots, keno game uses an identical RNG system of extracting the numbers, based on a computer program, which works with programmed orders and generate different numbers. These commands allow the computer to pick up numbers from 1 to 80 (random integers from 0 to 9). The following program will reveal how such algorithm works: 1000 NUMBER RUN 10,000 NUMBER RUN NUMBER OCCURS PERCENT NUMBER OCCURS PERCENT
0 86 8.6 0 910 9.1
1 100 10 1 1007 10.07
2 89 8.9 2 1007 10.07
3 113 11.3 3 991 9.91
4 99 9.9 4 985 9.85
5 107 10.7 5 1033 10.33
6 109 10.9 6 1018 10.18
7 99 9.9 7 1043 10.43
8 102 10.2 8 960 9.6
9 96 9.6 9 1046 10.46
STANDARD DEVIATION = 0.84 STANDARD DEVIATION = 0.41 based on the numbers generated (can generate over 10,000 numbers), you will be able to make prognostic regarding which are potential hot numbers for a keno game. The algorithm in this case (at keno game) is the programmed patterns, which is kept secret, even from those who write in it. Actually, such a program is written by three different teams of programmers, independent each other, and their work result is reunited into a single program.

4. Online keno algorithm

Such online algorithm is able to help gamblers interested in finding valuable numbers in the keno game. Created as an online program and running under a keno simulator, this algorithm makes predictions of numbers, which can be “extracted” in the game. Each player has two options: one is related to the number of tickets he wants to play and the other is related to the number of numbers, the player wants to play on a ticket. Then, after hitting the “calculate” button, the software is making its predictions and you have some potential winning numbers to bet on.

5. Draw patterns

Observing (at casino table keno or online) the way in which some numbers are repeated and note the frequency of their appearance will give to a player the opportunity to increase its chances of winning. Watch the extractions during a week and see which numbers are appearing often, note them and then play with those numbers. It is recommended to bet minimum on 10 numbers to have better chances. There are some strategies to play with, but observing/determining the keno algorithm is one of the best.

Many keno players discovered that the game is not as random as it might appear; the numbers are extracted by a computer program, which works with a software program. Daniel corriveau, a canadian young boy (19 years old, when he discovered the fact that keno is not a random game), used math principles and determined that the RNG is not so random and could easily be influenced, especially if the clock chip is removed.

5.3 randomness tests for large samples of keno

Daniel corriveau determined after he makes several tests in a casino in the keno game over a broken chip machine. This way he concluded that a broken/missing computer chip will offer the same numbers, not random numbers. A usual gambler cannot take advantage of a mistake in the RNG software, but he can observe, determine and bet on those numbers which are often extracted in several game sessions.

5.4 random number generator - gambling and probability

It is known that the probability of guessing 20 numbers out of 20 is based on the following formula: 1 / 4.19 X 1015. The rate of probability is 1: 3.5 quintillions, a huge number never achieved so far and with minimum changes to happen in the future. Let’s say that a gambler will need immortality to guess all 20 numbers (at a rate of one bet per second has been determined that in 130 million years someone could hit all 20 winning numbers at keno). So, the only thing remains is to play keno for normal winnings and for having fun.

Slot makinelerinin algoritması ve işletim sistemi

Başlangıç

Internet döneminden önce slot makineleri elektromekanikti ve özel bir fren sisteminin yanı sıra denk gelen kombinasyonu analiz eden sensörler içeriyordu.

Daha sonra elektromekanik cihazlar yerini elektronik cihazlara bıraktı. Gömülü bir elektrikli motoru olduğundan oyuncular artık oynamak için kolu çekmek zorunda kalmıyordu. Ancak sensörler eski sistemle çalışmaya devam ediyordu.

Bugün fiziksel slot makineleri dijitalleşti ve bazı kombinasyonlar rasgele sayı üreteci veya RNG (random number generator) pahasına meydana gelmektedir. Aynı sistem çevrimiçi slotlar için de kullanılmaktadır.

Rasgele sayı üreteci (RNG) nedir

Rasgele sayı üreteci, belirli bir algoritma ile çalışan ve ekranda hangi kombinasyonun görüneceğini belirleyen bir programdır. Bu, ne casino işletmecisinin, ne oyuncunun, ne de oyunu yaratanın bilemeyeceği kesinlikte rastgele bir süreçtir.

Teknoloji, ilk oyun cihazlarının uyarlanmasından bu yana çok ilerlemesine rağmen, rasgele sayı üretecinin ilkeleri ve güvenilirliği hiç değişmemiştir. Mekanizma, modern oyun yazılım özelliklerini dikkate alarak düzenli olarak güncellenmektedir.

Rasgele sayı üretecinin oluşturulmasında matematikçiler, programcılar ve hatta psikologlar yer almıştır ve benzer üreteçler, zaman içinde kanıtlanmış güvenilirliği nedeniyle uzun süredir kullanılmaktalardır.

Bugün kullanılan üreteç, massachusetts institute of technology bünyesinde görev yapan bir profesörün 128 bitlik bir md5 algoritmasını kullanan bir proje üzerine geliştirilmiştir. Bu sadece çevrimiçi slotlarda değil, aynı zamanda güvenlik sistemlerinde ve kişisel bilgisayarlarda da kullanılmaktadır.

RNG güvenilir midir?

Internette kombinasyonları öngördüğü iddia edilen programlar bulunabilir ancak aslında işe yaramazlar. Bu tür programların gerçekte yaptığı oyuncuların verilerini çalmak olduğundan, onlardan kaçınmanız daha iyi olacaktır.

Yazılımı test etmekten çekinmeyin. Sorumluluk sahibi bütün oyun üreticileri yazılımlarını tanınmış ve güvenilir laboratuvarlara test ettirme taktiğini benimser: itech labs, ecogra, GLI ve nmi. Yazılım, herhangi bir manipülasyonun elendiği ciddi testleri geçer. Dolayısıyla bu tarz bir testi geçen slotları oynamak güvenlidir:

Yazılım, herhangi bir manipülasyonun kullanılmasının engellendiği ciddi testlerden geçer ve böylece oyun slotlarının güvenilir olduğu gönül rahatlığıyla söylenebilir.

RNG mantığı

Ilk belirtilmesi gereken şey slot mekanizmalarının hafızasının olmadığıdır. Bilgisayar, oyuncunun kazanıp kazanmadığını, oyuna 5 dakika önce mi yoksa saatler önce mi başladığını bilmez. Tüm kombinasyonlar matematiksel algoritmalarla belirlenir.

Oyun sonuçlarının planlı veya “mantıklı ” olmaması önemlidir: bunlar sadece bir kombinasyon dizisidir. Pek olası gözükmese de, bir kişi üst üste iki kere ‘jackpot’ yapabilir. Bu pek olası değildir çünkü program tarafından oluşturulan olası kombinasyonların sayısı büyüktür ve her biri 32 onaltılık karakterden oluşur.

Bir oyuncu oyunu başlattığında, mekanizma belirli bir kombinasyon yaratmak için dakikada yüz rasgele sayı ortaya atar. Düğmeye tıklama sırasında üreteç tarafından seçilen sayılar ekranda görünecek karakterleri belirler. Yani, bir oyuncunun bir oyunun sonucunu “etkileyebilmesinin” tek yolu düğmeye bastığı anı seçebilmesidir. Bu aslında tamamen şanstan ibarettir. Sonuç ekranda göründüğünde, sistem oyuncunun ne kadar kazandığını veya kaybettiğini hemen hesaplar ve bakiyesindeki bilgileri günceller. Ücretsiz spin ve bonuslar için de aynı ilkeler geçerlidir.

Sonuç

Şu ana kadar, çevrimiçi slotların mantığı, hiçbir mantık olmadığı gerçeğine dayanmaktadır. Rasgele sayı üreteci, rastgele kazanma şansından dolayı böyle adlandırılmaktadır, kazançların sıklığı da belli bir oyunun kurallarına bağlıdır ve bu kurallar da operatörden öğrenilebilir.

So, let's see, what we have: in modern online slots, developers use the random number generator. How does it work? Is it possible to win 2 jackpots in a row? Learn it from the article. At casino slot algorithm